经常有人问到如何在Unix下确定进程消耗的内存资源，以及为何Top工具的显示非常高。
有人说Top的输出不精确，这种说法是不确切的。实际上是Top输出显示的Oracle进程内存使用，包含了SGA部分。这也是SGA的意义所在。
SGA可以被共享，可以被所有进程所访问，在进程的寻址空间里就包含了SGA的大小。
至于如何更为精确的确定进程的内存消耗，本文简要介绍如下（在QuickIO下，你可能无法看到本文描述情况）：
1.系统平台及数据库版本
$ uname -a
SunOS billing 5.8 Generic_108528-23 sun4u sparc SUNW,Ultra-4
Sun Microsystems Inc. SunOS 5.8 Generic Patch October 2001
$ sqlplus “/ as sysdba”
SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.4.0 – Production on Sun Nov 28 10:48:00 2004
Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.4.0 – 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Oracle Data Mining options
JServer Release 9.2.0.4.0 – Production
SQL select * from v$version;
BANNER
—————————————————————-
Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.4.0 – 64bit Production
PL/SQL Release 9.2.0.4.0 – Production
CORE 9.2.0.3.0 Production
TNS for Solaris: Version 9.2.0.4.0 – Production
NLSRTL Version 9.2.0.4.0 – Production
SQL show sga
Total System Global Area 253200688 bytes
Fixed Size 731440 bytes
Variable Size 167772160 bytes
Database Buffers 83886080 bytes
Redo Buffers 811008 bytes
SQL exit
Disconnected from Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.4.0 – 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Oracle Data Mining options
JServer Release 9.2.0.4.0 – Production
2.Top输出
$ top
load averages: 0.12, 0.05, 0.04 billing 10:49:52
54 processes: 52 sleeping, 1 stopped, 1 on cpu
CPU states: 99.3% idle, 0.0% user, 0.3% kernel, 0.4% iowait, 0.0% swap
Memory: 2.0G real, 1.2G free, 404M swap in use, 5.1G swap free
PID USERNAME THR PR NCE SIZE RES STATE TIME FLTS CPU COMMAND
10027 oracle 1 58 0 2568K 1680K cpu03 0:00 0 0.09% top
10052 oracle 1 58 0 322M 275M sleep 21:18 0 0.01% oracle
11264 oracle 22 58 0 329M 275M sleep 59:01 0 0.00% oracle
10056 oracle 1 58 0 322M 275M sleep 3:04 0 0.00% oracle
11262 oracle 14 58 0 331M 270M sleep 73:55 0 0.00% oracle
11260 oracle 258 59 0 333M 274M sleep 52:46 0 0.00% oracle
11266 oracle 1 58 0 325M 276M sleep 26:50 0 0.00% oracle
10054 oracle 1 59 0 322M 275M sleep 18:27 0 0.00% oracle
23519 oracle 1 55 0 322M 278M sleep 0:50 0 0.00% oracle
11258 oracle 1 59 0 323M 271M sleep 0:31 0 0.00% oracle
11285 oracle 1 58 0 17.3M 3848K sleep 0:20 0 0.00% tnslsnr
11270 oracle 1 58 0 322M 271M sleep 0:06 0 0.00% oracle
2990 oracle 1 59 0 322M 276M sleep 0:04 0 0.00% oracle
9872 oracle 1 48 0 1880K 1192K sleep 0:00 0 0.00% ksh
23498 oracle 1 58 0 323M 278M sleep 0:00 0 0.00% oracle
3.Pmap输出及进程内存计算
$ ps -ef|grep ora_
oracle 9881 9872 0 10:49:57 pts/2 0:00 grep ora_
oracle 11258 1 0 Jul 19 ? 0:31 ora_pmon_hsbill
oracle 11260 1 0 Jul 19 ? 52:47 ora_dbw0_hsbill
oracle 11262 1 0 Jul 19 ? 73:55 ora_lgwr_hsbill
oracle 11264 1 0 Jul 19 ? 59:01 ora_ckpt_hsbill
oracle 11266 1 0 Jul 19 ? 26:50 ora_smon_hsbill
oracle 11268 1 0 Jul 19 ? 0:00 ora_reco_hsbill
oracle 11270 1 0 Jul 19 ? 0:06 ora_cjq0_hsbill
oracle 10054 1 0 Nov 02 ? 18:27 ora_j001_hsbill
oracle 10052 1 0 Nov 02 ? 21:19 ora_j000_hsbill
oracle 2990 1 0 Nov 25 ? 0:05 ora_j003_hsbill
oracle 10056 1 0 Nov 02 ? 3:04 ora_j002_hsbill
oracle 8879 1 0 09:54:32 ? 0:00 ora_j004_hsbill
$ pmap 11264
11264: ora_ckpt_hsbill
0000000100000000 53824K read/exec /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/bin/oracle
000000010358E000 872K read/write/exec /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/bin/oracle
0000000103668000 7968K read/write/exec [ heap ]
0000000380000000 266240K read/write/exec/shared [ ism shmid=0x64 ]
FFFFFFFF7C802000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7C814000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7C826000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7C838000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7C84A000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7C85C000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7C86E000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7C880000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7C892000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7C8A4000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7C8B6000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7C8C8000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7C8D6000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7C8DA000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7C8E8000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7C8EC000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7C8FA000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7C8FE000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7C90C000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7C910000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7C91E000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7CA02000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7CA10000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7CA14000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7CA22000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7CA26000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7CA34000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7CA38000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7CA46000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7CA4A000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7CA58000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7CA5C000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7CA6A000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7CA6E000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7CA7C000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7CA80000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7CA8E000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7CA92000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7CAA0000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7CAA4000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7CAB2000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7CAB6000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7CAC4000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7CAC8000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7CAD6000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7CADA000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7CAE8000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7CAEC000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7CAFA000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7CAFE000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7CB0C000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7CB10000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7CB1E000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7CC00000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7CD00000 24K read/exec /usr/lib/sparcv9/nss_files.so.1
FFFFFFFF7CE06000 8K read/write/exec /usr/lib/sparcv9/nss_files.so.1
FFFFFFFF7CF00000 8K read/write [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7CF10000 8K read/write [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7CF50000 8K read/write [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7CF60000 16K read/write [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7CF68000 32K read/write [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7D000000 16K read/exec /usr/platform/sun4u/lib/sparcv9/libc_psr.so.1
FFFFFFFF7D100000 16K read/exec /usr/lib/sparcv9/libmp.so.2
FFFFFFFF7D204000 8K read/write/exec /usr/lib/sparcv9/libmp.so.2
FFFFFFFF7D300000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7D400000 88K read/exec /usr/lib/sparcv9/libm.so.1
FFFFFFFF7D516000 8K read/write/exec /usr/lib/sparcv9/libm.so.1
FFFFFFFF7D600000 8K read/exec /usr/lib/sparcv9/libkstat.so.1
FFFFFFFF7D702000 8K read/write/exec /usr/lib/sparcv9/libkstat.so.1
FFFFFFFF7D800000 32K read/exec /usr/lib/sparcv9/librt.so.1
FFFFFFFF7D908000 8K read/write/exec /usr/lib/sparcv9/librt.so.1
FFFFFFFF7DA00000 32K read/exec /usr/lib/sparcv9/libaio.so.1
FFFFFFFF7DB08000 8K read/write/exec /usr/lib/sparcv9/libaio.so.1
FFFFFFFF7DC00000 720K read/exec /usr/lib/sparcv9/libc.so.1
FFFFFFFF7DDB4000 56K read/write/exec /usr/lib/sparcv9/libc.so.1
FFFFFFFF7DDC2000 8K read/write/exec /usr/lib/sparcv9/libc.so.1
FFFFFFFF7DF00000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7E000000 32K read/exec /usr/lib/sparcv9/libgen.so.1
FFFFFFFF7E108000 8K read/write/exec /usr/lib/sparcv9/libgen.so.1
FFFFFFFF7E200000 672K read/exec /usr/lib/sparcv9/libnsl.so.1
FFFFFFFF7E3A8000 56K read/write/exec /usr/lib/sparcv9/libnsl.so.1
FFFFFFFF7E3B6000 40K read/write/exec /usr/lib/sparcv9/libnsl.so.1
FFFFFFFF7E400000 5328K read/exec /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/lib/libjox9.so
FFFFFFFF7EA32000 384K read/write/exec /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/lib/libjox9.so
FFFFFFFF7EA92000 8K read/write/exec /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/lib/libjox9.so
FFFFFFFF7EB00000 56K read/exec /usr/lib/sparcv9/libsocket.so.1
FFFFFFFF7EC0E000 16K read/write/exec /usr/lib/sparcv9/libsocket.so.1
FFFFFFFF7ED00000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7EE00000 32K read/exec /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/lib/libskgxn9.so
FFFFFFFF7EF06000 8K read/write/exec /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/lib/libskgxn9.so
FFFFFFFF7F000000 8K read/exec /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/lib/libskgxp9.so
FFFFFFFF7F100000 8K read/write/exec /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/lib/libskgxp9.so
FFFFFFFF7F200000 8K read/exec /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/lib/libodmd9.so
FFFFFFFF7F300000 8K read/write/exec /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/lib/libodmd9.so
FFFFFFFF7F400000 8K read/exec /usr/lib/sparcv9/libdl.so.1
FFFFFFFF7F500000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7F600000 152K read/exec /usr/lib/sparcv9/ld.so.1
FFFFFFFF7F724000 16K read/write/exec /usr/lib/sparcv9/ld.so.1
FFFFFFFF7FFFA000 24K read/write [ stack ]
total 337360K
$
计算后台进程使用的内存资源:
337360K – 266240K = 71,120k
这就是一个进程所消耗的内存.
4.用户进程内存使用举例
$ ps -ef|grep LOCAL
oracle 10080 9872 0 11:00:25 pts/2 0:00 grep LOCAL
oracle 23498 1 0 Nov 25 ? 0:00 oraclehsbill (LOCAL=NO)
oracle 23519 1 0 Nov 25 ? 0:50 oraclehsbill (LOCAL=NO)
$ pmap 23519
23519: oraclehsbill (LOCAL=NO)
0000000100000000 53824K read/exec /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/bin/oracle
000000010358E000 872K read/write/exec /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/bin/oracle
0000000103668000 848K read/write/exec [ heap ]
0000000380000000 266240K read/write/exec/shared [ ism shmid=0x64 ]
FFFFFFFF7CC00000 8K read/write [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7CC10000 8K read/write [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7CC50000 136K read/write [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7CC76000 40K read/write [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7CD00000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7CE00000 24K read/exec /usr/lib/sparcv9/nss_files.so.1
FFFFFFFF7CF06000 8K read/write/exec /usr/lib/sparcv9/nss_files.so.1
FFFFFFFF7D000000 16K read/exec /usr/platform/sun4u/lib/sparcv9/libc_psr.so.1
FFFFFFFF7D100000 16K read/exec /usr/lib/sparcv9/libmp.so.2
FFFFFFFF7D204000 8K read/write/exec /usr/lib/sparcv9/libmp.so.2
FFFFFFFF7D300000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7D400000 88K read/exec /usr/lib/sparcv9/libm.so.1
FFFFFFFF7D516000 8K read/write/exec /usr/lib/sparcv9/libm.so.1
FFFFFFFF7D600000 8K read/exec /usr/lib/sparcv9/libkstat.so.1
FFFFFFFF7D702000 8K read/write/exec /usr/lib/sparcv9/libkstat.so.1
FFFFFFFF7D800000 32K read/exec /usr/lib/sparcv9/librt.so.1
FFFFFFFF7D908000 8K read/write/exec /usr/lib/sparcv9/librt.so.1
FFFFFFFF7DA00000 32K read/exec /usr/lib/sparcv9/libaio.so.1
FFFFFFFF7DB08000 8K read/write/exec /usr/lib/sparcv9/libaio.so.1
FFFFFFFF7DC00000 720K read/exec /usr/lib/sparcv9/libc.so.1
FFFFFFFF7DDB4000 56K read/write/exec /usr/lib/sparcv9/libc.so.1
FFFFFFFF7DDC2000 8K read/write/exec /usr/lib/sparcv9/libc.so.1
FFFFFFFF7DF00000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7E000000 32K read/exec /usr/lib/sparcv9/libgen.so.1
FFFFFFFF7E108000 8K read/write/exec /usr/lib/sparcv9/libgen.so.1
FFFFFFFF7E200000 672K read/exec /usr/lib/sparcv9/libnsl.so.1
FFFFFFFF7E3A8000 56K read/write/exec /usr/lib/sparcv9/libnsl.so.1
FFFFFFFF7E3B6000 40K read/write/exec /usr/lib/sparcv9/libnsl.so.1
FFFFFFFF7E400000 5328K read/exec /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/lib/libjox9.so
FFFFFFFF7EA32000 384K read/write/exec /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/lib/libjox9.so
FFFFFFFF7EA92000 8K read/write/exec /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/lib/libjox9.so
FFFFFFFF7EB00000 56K read/exec /usr/lib/sparcv9/libsocket.so.1
FFFFFFFF7EC0E000 16K read/write/exec /usr/lib/sparcv9/libsocket.so.1
FFFFFFFF7ED00000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7EE00000 32K read/exec /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/lib/libskgxn9.so
FFFFFFFF7EF06000 8K read/write/exec /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/lib/libskgxn9.so
FFFFFFFF7F000000 8K read/exec /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/lib/libskgxp9.so
FFFFFFFF7F100000 8K read/write/exec /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/lib/libskgxp9.so
FFFFFFFF7F200000 8K read/exec /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/lib/libodmd9.so
FFFFFFFF7F300000 8K read/write/exec /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/lib/libodmd9.so
FFFFFFFF7F400000 8K read/exec /usr/lib/sparcv9/libdl.so.1
FFFFFFFF7F500000 8K read/write/exec [ anon ]
FFFFFFFF7F600000 152K read/exec /usr/lib/sparcv9/ld.so.1
FFFFFFFF7F724000 16K read/write/exec /usr/lib/sparcv9/ld.so.1
FFFFFFFF7FFF2000 56K read/write [ stack ]
total 329968K
$
从PMAP的输出中我们可以看到进程所调用的库文件等，及其读写状态。
